The steps for a guided reading lesson are:
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Before reading: Set the purpose for reading, take a picture walk; introduce vocabulary, make predictions, talk about the strategies good readers use.
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During reading:Guide students as they read, provide wait time, give prompts or clues as needed by individual students, such as "Try that again. Does that make sense? Look at how the word begins."
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After reading:Strengthen comprehension skills and provide praise for strategies used by students during the reading.
Six Strategies of a Great Reader
- Look at the Picture
- Chunk It by looking for a part in the word that you know
- Skip the Word then go back using context clues
- Get your mouth ready to make the first sound
- Think about the meaning of the word and Ask yourself, "Did that make sense?"
- Reread go back and read again.
Why is Guided Reading Important?
The validated research shows that guided out loud reading has significant beneficial impact on word recognition, fluency and comprehension across a range of grade level.
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Guided reading benefits both good and struggling readers. In contrast, silent independent reading may not actually improve reading skills for beginning readers. Numerous studies show the best readers read the most and poor readers read the least. However, these studies are all co relational in nature and correlation does not imply causation. It may just be the good readers just choose to spend more time reading. Although it sounds like a good idea to have children read more alone, there is no research evidence that shows independent silent reading actually improves reading skills. Think about it. If a poor reader is just sitting there flipping pages or struggling with the reading and making errors, their skills will not improve, no matter how much time they sit there. In contrast, guided oral reading instruction is proven to help students improve reading skills. This is NOT saying students should not read on their own, or that there are no benefits for children sitting there looking at books, or that students do not need to read more. Rather, the research clearly demonstrates to improve skills, particularly in learning or remediation stages, the student needs to read out loud with feedback. At more advanced levels, silent reading does improve the higher skills of fluency, vocabulary acquisition and comprehension.
Guided reading has significant beneficial effects on helping student's develop reading skills. It is one of the most effective tools not only to improve a student's fundamental reading skills but also to help the student develop higher level comprehension skills. With guided reading you can directly help the student:
- establish fundamental skills necessary for proficient reading
- identify weaknesses and strengthen specific skills
- improve attention to detail
- build fluency
- expand vocabulary knowledge
- develop reading comprehension skills
PLUS guided reading is enjoyable! This is where you sit down with your student and read. Guided reading offers a wonderful opportunity to share the joy of reading with your child or student.
What is Guided Reading?
Guided reading is reading out loud to an adult, or other proficient reader, with feedback. This is NOT independent silent reading. The key part to the effectiveness in developing skills is to provide 'guidance' to the student. Do not confuse this beneficial teaching tool of true guided reading with various independent reading programs some of which are labeled 'guided reading'. The process of the student reading out loud with correction and instruction is the essential criteria of guided reading that actually help the student learn and improve skills.
In order to achieve significant beneficial impact on word recognition, fluency and comprehension:
#1 The student must read out loud to an adult (or other proficient reader) and
#2 The adult must provide correction, feedback and instruction on specific skill development.
How Do I Conduct Guided Reading? Instructions for Conducting Guided Reading to Improve Reading Skills:
- Theparent/teacher/other proficient reader must be looking at the printed text and providing immediate feedback. This careful monitoring is particularly important in the learning and remedial stages. You MUST be looking at exactly what the student is reading so you can make immediate corrections. This careful monitoring of each and every word is necessary until the student has become skilled at accurate decoding. (The rule of thumb is when the student makes no more than 1 or 2 errors per page). Either sit directly next to the student where you can both see the print OR make a copy of the material so you can follow along. Having a separate copy is sometimes preferred if you are tutoring other students or if the student does not appreciate someone 'reading over their shoulder'.
- Requirethe student to read carefully. Teach the student to look carefully at the words instead of rushing through with 'fast & careless' reading. Stopping the student at every mistake is highly effective in slowing down the 'fast & careless' reading. Usually, the impatient students who like to 'rush' do not like to be stopped. Therefore, when you stop them at every mistake they begin to read more carefully. Like anything else, the careful reading is a habit. Help the student develop good habits.
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Requirecomplete accuracy in all reading. Stop the student at all errors, no matter how 'minor' they may appear. This includes skipped words as well as any mistake on accurately reading a word. Stopping the errors is critical for effective remediation as you must extinguish incorrect processing as well as develop proficient reader skills. With correction on errors, often all you need to do is tap the missed word with a pencil. This signals the student to 'look again'.
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If the student skips a word, tap the word they missed and have the student reread it.
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If the student reads a word inaccurately (says wrong word or misses the detail of word) have him reread the word correctly. Point to the specific sound/error if necessary.
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Do not let any errors slip by, no matter how 'small'. Make sure the student is paying close attention to all details.
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If the student uses the wrong choice/alternate sound, tell them something similar to "Good try, however this word uses the __ sound" ( For example if the word was 'bestow' and the student uses the /ow/ sound for 'ow' instead of the correct /oa/ sound). Have the student re-read the word applying the correct sound.
- The student needs to correct their mistake. Frequently the student has the skill to accurately read the word but either they were not paying attention or slipped back into a previous incorrect strategy (such as word guessing or visual 'whole word' processing). Often by 'looking again' the student uses the correct process and is able to accurately read the word.
- Help the student with multisyllable words when necessary. Use a pencil to make light slash marks at the syllable breaks. If certain words are difficult, you can write these down for later practice in isolation.
- Help with proper pronunciation whenever necessary. New words, especially some of the multisyllable words with the 'lazy' schwa, pronunciation can be tricky. The decoding is correct but the word is mispronounced. By all means help the student learn the correct pronunciation. Tell them how the word is pronounced. Say something similar to "Good try, that was close, we actually pronounce the word _______". Have them repeat the word and then reread it with correct pronunciation while looking at the letters.
- Require physical tracking (with finger, pencil or other pointer) when reading UNTIL the student no longer makes tracking errors. If the student is making any tracking errors or whole word errors be sure they continue to physically track. Once again this kinetic motion helps direct correct processing of each letter/sound. The tracking also helps focus the student on the details of the word and improves attention to detail.
Later in Guided Reading Groups
- Develop vocabulary as the student reads. When appropriate, stop the student at new words. If they do not understand the word, explain what the word means. Then have the student re-read the sentence so they will understand it. See the article Expanding Vocabulary Knowledge for details on developing vocabulary.
- Work on developing specific comprehension skills. This often involves questions and discussing the material as they read along. The depth of comprehension skills increases as the student becomes older and their skills advance. Beginning comprehension is having the student simply pay attention to what they are reading. The higher level comprehension skills have the student thinking about deeper questions such as 'why did this happen', and inferring 'what do I think this means'. See the article Developing Reading Comprehension for more detailed instructions.
- Monitor the student's progress and modify the instruction to what the student needs. When the students decoding skills improve/advance to the point where he makes very few errors/page, the careful attention to accurate decoding is no longer necessary and the guided reading can shift primarily to the higher level skills. At this point, you no longer have to monitor each and every word. Instead you primarily focus on the vocabulary and reading comprehension skills. This level of guided reading where you shift from the 'technical skills' of decoding to the content of what you are reading is extremely enjoyable.
This article was written by Miscese Gagen a mother with a passion for teaching children to read proficiently by using effective methods. She is also a successful reading tutor and author of the reading instructional programs Right Track Reading Lessons and Back on the Right Track Reading Lessons. The purpose of this article is to empower parents and teachers with information on teaching children how to read. We CAN improve reading proficiency, one student at a time! More information is located at www.righttrackreading.com ~ Copyright 2007 Miscese R. Gagen